Wealth distribution, a social injustice free essay sample

In current occasions we frequently see that numerous individuals from our general public get not exactly different individuals whether or not they are no less meriting. Conversely, there are some who have responsibility for and win pay that they may not be meriting. The distributive equalization is disturbed and riches circulation today would thus be able to be viewed as a social bad form. This unfairness that is getting increasingly recognizable as individuals begin to get mindful of the realities, as should be obvious through the beginning of the possess divider road developments that, first began on divider road in America, have spread to different nations (one of which being Australia). As an outcome of how riches is routinely dispersed and the manner by which governments are run, the affluent keep on getting wealthier while the poor in actuality experience a decrease in their riches, or, best case scenario keep up their low status. Various distinctive legislative and social structures exist in various nations individually to guarantee an equitable network, and individuals have a wide range of perspectives on what the best way to deal with conveying riches is; anyway it appears that in all types of visions that nations are run on a reasonable riches dissemination model is still yet to be genuinely accomplished. A social fair view instituted by the Australian government endeavors, as different types of optimism, to advance fairness. The Australian government, pushing social equity considering human, common and social rights, endeavors to diminish financial difference between what is known as the decision class (the bourgeoisie) and the regular workers (the low class) most importantly through a high assessment rate. This permits the legislature to make and give a government assistance state, where the state assumes a key job in the assurance and advancement of the financial and social prosperity of its residents. Along these lines the legislature can give government assistance checks to the jobless and neediness stricken people and pay for fundamental social administrations, for example, medicinal services. Also under the heading of human rights, social rights, social equality, and at last the support of social equity, there are set up government bodies to guarantee work rights and energize a blended economy, alongside a broad arrangement of standardized savings to guarantee residents against loss of salary following disease, joblessness, or retirement. Be that as it may, regardless of the huge number of measures taken to guarantee the impartial dissemination of riches and opportunity, riches circulation in Australia today is still observed as out of line as a huge extent of the country’s riches is as yet tied up in a little level of individuals at the top finish of the social range. The general disappointment emerging from this circumstance is obvious in the possess Wall Street developments, that are worried about the foul play right now occurring concerning riches circulation. These possess developments that started in America however have since hit other industrialist social orders, are aimed at monetary and social imbalance. All the more explicitly, nonetheless, the individuals are resentful that the top 1% of the social range keeps on becoming more extravagant while every other person gets less fortunate, and consequently the development ordinarily drones the trademark â€Å"we are the 99%. † In America the development has caused to notice the way that the most extravagant 1% of Americans currently own more riches than the least fortunate 90% of Americans joined, and the most extravagant 400 Americans presently have more riches than the last 155 million Americans consolidated. It is in this way not difficult to see purpose behind their dissent. A comparative circumstance at present exists in Australia, with huge errors in numbers in 2009-10 between the wealthiest 20% of families and the most unfortunate 20% of family units. As indicated by the Australian Bureau of Statistics, the wealthiest 20% record for 62% of absolute family unit total assets, with a normal total assets of $2. 2 million for every family unit while the most unfortunate 20% of families represent just 1% of all out family total assets, with a normal total assets of $31,829 per family unit. This can be at any rate incompletely ascribed to a reduction in charge rate increases. The insights draw on the chose pay dissemination pointers, which indicate expendable family salary (cash that can be kept and spent for recreational purposes), show that those people in the high level of pay get 40% of their absolute pay while those in the low level of pay just get 10%. Subsequently, the total assets across family units turns out to be even less coordinated as the rich have a significantly higher salary, but on the other hand can set aside considerably more. The disparities between the total assets in families are accordingly exponentially bigger than the inconsistencies that exist in pay, which mirrors the recently referenced example of individuals aggregating riches through their working lives. The rankled mentalities set by the development can in this manner be viewed as defended. Be that as it may, figured it might be defended, the development appears to come up short on an engaged objective â€they request that some change is required with the goal that the circumstance in regards to imbalance can be redressed, however their requests neglect to offer explained technique concerning how this should be possible. Albeit monetary and social appropriations are as yet disproportionate in Australia, exemplified by the developments that have as of late hit, certain foundations are set up that endeavor to limit this imbalance and give trust that balance might be some time or another feasible. In the soul of much wanted social equity, our administration advocates the standards of both correspondence of chance and fair conveyance of riches, just as open obligation regarding those incapable to profit themselves if the negligible arrangements for a decent life. Therefore, government assistance is accessible to whoever needs it, each resident consequently profits by wellbeing spread for genuine sicknesses, understudy advances from the legislature are not liable to intrigue and can be paid off in reasonable sums, our administration isn't in downturn, and, eventually we are generally very much cared for. Such organizations and advantages that speak to a positive advance toward balance are not generally found in different nations. Measurements on riches conveyance in the United States of America for instance, in principle a neo-leftist nation, depict a considerably progressively extreme disparity between the bourgeoisie and the low class. Moreover, the lowest pay permitted by law in Australia is what could be compared to $14 USD, which far surpasses America’s $7. 25. The Australian joblessness pace of 5. 2%, as well, is increasingly good for the pace of 8. 6% here. Along these lines, while the Australian riches plot is a long way from great, it is positive for the current American model. Of intrigue is North Korea’s, socialist way to deal with riches dissemination. Their administration confines individual flexibility, upholding that everyone must be of practically identical status in all perspectives so as to accomplish social equity. The system’s conspire for financial fairness is along these lines straightforward; anyway it also unavoidably flops as it neutralizes human instinct. The aftereffect of such optimism is that a couple of wind up taking influence and all the riches, as should be obvious when we consider Kim Jong IL’s position. In this way, independent of the manner by which governments attempt to scatter riches, an enormous extent of the country’s riches will be held by a little rate at the top. Some may contend that the current conveyance of riches is, actually, an impression of equity in light of the fact that those that are rich are in reality rich since they work more diligently and are all the more meriting. This, while every so often being exact, isn't generally the situation. Much of the time those people in the top 1% are overpaid while individuals in the ‘low-income’ section who are working more diligently for some, more hours are battling to help themselves. Here, we can value a dissatisfaction that can emerge, which underpins one of Freud’s proposals concerning how discontent with progress can create. The obliging impacts of living in a socialized network, here showed in a powerlessness to accomplish because of request and status, can fuel disgruntlement which can normally prompt disorder, which is somewhat seen in the involve developments. Regardless of whether the current financial imbalance can be viewed as a social unfairness can be considered considering Socrates statements. Socrates has faith in distributive equity where things, for example, riches are appropriately dispensed; that is, riches would be dispersed similarly to all meriting, contributing individuals from a general public. Without a doubt this is by all accounts a sound way of thinking when we think about the results of the ill-advised portion of riches in our general public today, being pervasive disturbance and the rankled fights of possess developments to which imbalance gave rise. This prompts a thought of a populist demeanor; maybe equity can just exist inside the directions of correspondence. Additionally, Socrates accepted that the most ideal path for individuals to live was to concentrate on self-improvement as opposed to on the quest for material riches, which is by all accounts accurately where the well off have centered their endeavors. It very well may be securely reasoned that at present riches appropriation doesn't reflect social equity. Be that as it may, with gradual movements like those that have been as of late made in Australia, alongside consideration of such philosophical standards, we will come nearer and nearer to arriving at value. References

The Functions Of Reservations Tourism Essay

The Functions Of Reservations Tourism Essay Reservation is a procedure of booking and blocking rooms ahead of time for the planned visitors. It is the lodgings capacity to liken the visitors request with the room accessibility. Around 70% of room deals business originates from reservations. Different reservation records are kept up so the booking segment can give the visitor proficient help and furthermore manage the visitor requests with respect to room accessibility, rates, limits, food plans and administrations and offices advertised. 1. Guarantees room on appearance :- A visitor who reserves earlier spot is guaranteed of the necessary kind of room, no of spaces for his whole remain in the city. This spares him from the trouble of discovering settlement on appearance particularly during top seasons when a large portion of the lodgings are full. 2. Planning As he is educated regarding the levy at the hour of reservation, he can spending his vacation or visit, considering the sum he spends on his remain, food, amusement and so forth. 3. Different offices:- The visitor is guaranteed of specific offices offered by the inn which can be affirmed by reserving the spot for example touring visits, business focus offering secretarial administrations, amusement and so on. He is likewise ready to give the lodging address to his partners for any gatherings, correspondence moves to and from the inn. (II) Importance for the HOTEL 1. Earlier reservation gives the inn a sign of the degree of business liable to be experienced during a specific period. The reservations chief knows the measure of business guaranteed during that period from the affirmed reservations. It empowers him to conjecture future income age and make fundamental move to improve the measure of income anticipated. 2. Visitor fulfillment The lodging can design its exercises and be set up to get a normal visitor. They can give the essential administrations and offices like security, moves, inclination of rooms to known visitors, giving order sections and a specific help asked by the visitor at the hour of reserving the spot. 3. The front office chief can settle on the vital choice with respect to the no of walk-moment that can be obliged on a specific day. Rooms requiring be fixing or taking off for rearrangement can be hindered during the leeway time frame as appeared by the reservations. The no of rooms to be obstructed for such purposes will likewise be resolved by the normal visitor appearances. 4. Planning of staff Hotel staff might be booked all the more precisely to void under staffing or over staffing issues. Elements OF RESERVATIONS 1. Taking bookings for lodgings This is the fundamental capacity. They get and process the solicitations for appointments from forthcoming visitors and in the wake of checking the different outlines on the room accessibility position for the necessary dates the booking might be affirmed. In the event that the room accessibility position is negative, substitute settlement is proposed and interchange dates might be advertised. 2. Data with respect to different administrations and offices might be given whenever requested. It might be chipped in when exchange room and dates are proposed. 3. Revision of booking Guest wishing to change the sort and no of rooms or potentially dates of remain booked before would alter their booking. This is additionally done through the reservations office. 4. Wiping out This discharges all the more no of spaces available to be purchased for the dates determined and reservations must monitor this so as to offer the rooms to different visitors. Wellsprings OF RESERVATION 1. FITS:- Free Individual Travelers/Free Independent Travelers. DEIT Domestic Free Individual Traveler. FFIT Foreign Free Individual Traveler 2. GIT:- Group Inclusive Tour. Continuously has 1 gathering pioneer who stays in contact with the lodging. 3. Organization/CORPORATES:- Hotels get a ton of appointments from organizations or corporates at CGR-COMPANY GUARANTEED RATE. They are given exceptional limited rates just as extra benefits. The inn should ensure that the Co. can take care of the tab check the credit remaining of the Co. 4. GOVERNMENT:- Also a wellspring of reserving for the inn. (Both Central and State Govt.) 5. International safe havens:- All political workplaces and authorities. 6. TRAVEL AGENCIES/TRAVEL AGENTS:- Smaller in tasks. 7. Visit OPERATORS:- They have tie ups with numerous neighborhood trip specialists chip away at an a lot bigger stage, helped by trip specialists. 8. Carriers:- Can be clubbed with organization however that isn't done since the sort of limits and business given via aircrafts is extraordinary. 9. Different HOTELS OF THE CHAIN:- Sister inns of the concerned property additionally become wellsprings of booking. 10. Contenders:- Cases like strolling a visitor. 11. REFERRAL GROUPS:- Groups, for example, UTELL and LHW give business to their part lodgings. 12. CRO (CENTRAL RESERVATION OFFICE):- It can be in the inn itself or can be another booking office. 13. CRS (CENTRAL RESERVATION SYSTEM):- Entire chain of inns is associated with the CRS. CRO is one of the chains. 14. GDS (GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM):- Set up via aircraft organizations. They fly over the globe and here require a productive framework for overseeing database. The lodgings require a comparative framework, so they buy in to GDS. GDS assists with keeping up the booking system of various inns. Gathering RESERVATION Reservations of rooms structure the biggest level of business of a huge inn. Out of this all out business the gathering business is most extreme in numerous lodgings. Thus the lodgings getting their greatest income from the gathering industry ought to be extra cautious while managing bunch reservations. Ensured RESERVATION This sort of reservation is which the inn doesn't need to stress over the loss of room income even in case of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã«Å"no show㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ of the visitor. The assurance can be given by an organization for an organization visitor, or with Mastercard Company for a visitor paying with charge card or by trip specialist for movement office appointments. So the lodging is guaranteed about the business and the visitor is guaranteed about the room since the space for such reservations won't be discharged at as far as possible however will be obstructed till the day's end. Stroll In This is an extremely regular term. This term alludes to those visitors of the inn who show up with no earlier notification or reservation in the inn. These visitors show up at the inn trusting that there will be some room accessible for them. The lodging must be exceptionally cautious while managing the walk-ins. In the event that the visitor is paying with money, at that point it is ideal for an inn to request some progress from the visitor. The development ought to be sufficiently adequate to cover at any rate one night remain and some additional consumption in the inn. Such visitors ought to be alluded to the hall supervisor and approval ought to be taken from him on the enrollment cards of such visitors. It additionally essential to illuminate the other income communities about the PIA (Paid In Advance) or Cash just visitors. These visitors won't be permitted credit for any administrations or comforts gave to them. The work area specialist should attempt to sell more expensive ro oms to such visitors . End The previously mentioned are the sorts of reservation and the wellsprings of reservation in lodgings. Reservation may help the visitor for the booking of rooms ahead of time.

Art is Everywhere!

Art is Everywhere! [by Emma Frank 15] Before I first visited MIT, I envisioned it as a sterile place. Labs stacked on top of classrooms and everything having its place and assigned number. It didnt seem like a place where Id be bombarded with art from the most unlikely of places. But it is! And after a tour of MITs public art through my freshman advising seminar 21M.A12 (Arts at MIT), Im flabbergasted at the huge amount of art we have on campus, and some things I never realized were art. Now, MIT officially recognizes ninety pieces as public art, and I only saw maybe ten pieces on my tour, so youre just going to get the highlights (as defined by me) here. If youd like to peruse the entire collection, check out http://listart.mit.edu/public_art for virtual tours and more information on the individual pieces. Public art at MIT took off during the Cold War as a way of humanizing the scientists who lived and worked there (AKA keeping people from having that same first impression I had). With the Percent for Art program instated in 1968, any new building project or renovation allots up to $250,000 to commission art for the space. One of the most recent of these pieces is located in the Koch Center and its called Through Layers and Leaves (Closer and Closer) by Martin Boyce: Photo Emma Frank This is the best photo I got that captures the scale of this piece. This is an example of the space relating heavily to the work. The wall sculpture itself is inspired by a photo of four concrete trees from a book on French Modernist gardens from 1925, but the title and the concept of the work relates to the Koch Centers purpose as a cancer research center. Boyce sees finding the cure to cancer as a matter of being able to recognize patterns and to look through the layers and leaves of the disease. Another really interesting thing? See the grate in the bottom right of the photo? Theres three of them spaced along the wall. And within the grate pattern, each one spells out closer and closer. Its not something youd notice unless someone told you, or you spent a lot of time looking at the patterns Boyce created. Photo Emma Frank You have no idea how long I stared at this thing until I found the word closer. Youre welcome. Next up is a piece that Im quite familiar with. Mostly because its right outside East Campus and I see it every day on my way to classes. Its called Transparent Horizon and its by Louise Nevelson: Photo Emma Frank I apologize for the strange lighting and composition of this photo. My only excuse is that it is really hard to take a proper photo when youre trying to simultaneously listen to the guide, set up your photo, and not get left behind. The piece is supposed to suggest botanical shapes. Its actually two older pieces put together and edited to create a new piece. When it was first being installed, there was some controversy over the piece and its infringing on the students living space, but nowadays it has just sort of blended into the general landscape of East Campus. Im ashamed to say that I hadnt really noticed it before it was pointed out to mewhoops. Speaking of not noticing things, did you know that benches can be art? And that they can have really cool stories behind them? Neither did I! In the Wiesner Building are some benches done by Scott Burton. I know, youre about to tell me that Im going crazy to think that of all things, benches can be interesting. But these are controversial benches! And benches I also neglected to take a picture ofso have a picture from the internet! Photo Steve Rosenthal http://listart.mit.edu:8080/Obj1657$15 See the curved things in the center of the photo? Those are the controversial benches. I.M. Pei originally designed the space to be all angles and no curves. But youll note that on the left there are some balconies that echo the curves of Burtons benches. Well, Burtons whole point in making his benches curved in a square and angular space was to make them stand out. He wanted them to have a dialogue with the space by being a disruption and making you feel uncomfortable with them (theyre weirdly leveled and spaced). Needless to say, when the plans got changed, Burton was less than pleased. Our tour guide told us that he can still be pleased that they are a disruption since the benches get really cold during the winter and its a pain to sit on them. In the same space is a piece called Here-There by Kenneth Noland: Photo Emma Frank This is one of my favorite pieces, its brilliant to just stand in front of it and look up and take it in. Im a big fan of color, so its not a surprise I like this piece. Its actually a mural painted directly onto the metal panels, and if you look closely, you can see the actual brush strokes. For a piece that so massive and exact, seeing the brushstrokes made it just a little more human to me. It makes it easier to imagine a person creating this piece, instead of just a machine. This next piece is located in the Stata Center. Its called Non-Object (Plane) by Anish Kapoor: Photo Emma Frank I really like this photo because you manage to get a sense of how the work relates to the space. Its made out of mirror-polished stainless steel, a material Kapoor works with often. Its really interesting because its a piece that encourages you to interact with it. Its sort of like an artistic funhouse mirror. I found it fun to walk around it and see how it changes with the light and angle that you view it at. Id never noticed it before since I only have one class in Stata, and its something you could easily walk by without realizing what it was. It doesnt really invade the space, but rather compliments it. Finally, we have my favorite piece. Mostly because I spent a lot of time there before the tour and didnt realize that what I was sitting on as I worked on a Pset was art. This is Sol LeWitts Bars of Color within Squares (a very inspired title, I know): Photo Emma Frank I envy the people who work in the labs that surround this piece. It must be really cool to look out and see this all the time. Often, I come to this place as a quiet place to work. Theres always a lot of light coming in, and if I want to space out for a little while, its a pretty interesting place to stare out into space. Sol LeWitt was known for his wall drawings where he meticulously explained how things were to be set up. He believed that as long as you followed his instructions for works, you could have your own Sol LeWitt piece. This is in a really cool space that sort of encapsulates building 6C and the physics department. You can view it from a lot of different angles since theres balconies set up all around the work. I definitely suggest taking some time to walk around the space, its a really cool place to just sit and think. So, why did I bother writing a whole blog post on public art? Because I didnt even realize that some of the things I saw everyday were art. Its easy to think of MIT as a cold, heartless institution where science reigns supreme, but in reality, its a place where art and creativity is encouraged. Art brings life to a lot of spaces here, and the stories behind some of the art are fascinating. Public art has the task of relating to where its placed, and public art at MIT reflects how artists see our campus. MIT is a mishmash of buildings and styles and the art here mirrors that. As a freshman, Im still finding new places and things all the time and Im just beginning to realize how varied and unique a place this is. So the next time you come to MITs campus, take a moment to go find some of these works or the many others I just didnt have time to write about. I hope youll have as much fun as I did discovering all of these pieces.

The business conflicts - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1282 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Discuss whether or not Kalinsky should have fired his former brother-in-law. For any kind of business to thrive, there must some sort of mutual respect among the management staff. When there happens to be conflicts in a business, definitely losses must accrue besides other management problems. As explained in this case, Kalinsky and Kenworthy (his former brother-in-law) were always at loggerheads concerning the autonomy of decision making in the business. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The business conflicts" essay for you Create order This put Empyrean Group owned by Kalinsky into risk of losing client and ultimate closure. Even after Kenworthy moved to Richmond to manage the Capital One account, the differences between them continued to deteriorate where Kenworthy could criticize Kalinskys decisions and questioned his leadership openly in front of the workers of both businesses i.e. Empyrean and Capital One (Dahl, 2006). Kalinsky took a bold step to fire Kenworthy despite the fact that his father Bruce was the biggest investor in Empyrean business owned by Kalinsky. Bruce also stood with Kalinsky when his wife Margaret divorced him by allowing him to stay in his house and also during the case of IRS (Internal Revenue Service) when the Empyrean had not taxes for year. Kalinsky disregarded all this support and went a head to fire Bruces son Kenworthy. I perceive this as a wise decision taken by Kalinsky in order to prevent the business from sinking. Firing Kenworthy was the best option Kalinsky could take to ret ract the business and regain control over it. After firing his former brother-in-law, Kalinsky felt relieved though he was drained. He also gained control over his company and received a hopeful sign from Capital One who agreed to keep Empyrean recruiters on-site (Dahl, 2006). From a personal perspective, Kenworthy was not alert to growth opportunities available for Empyrean Group. He was also not exploiting his position to ensure that the company built a good client relationship. Actually, he was being pushed by Kalinsky instead of finding it within him to do it for the sake of the business which he partly owned. This can easily be seen from Capital Ones move to award the contract to another company. The deteriorating relationship between the two parties also harbored dire consequences which compromised the companys future success. Sometimes when making a hard decision, it is important to disregard family ties for your own benefit just like Kalinsky did. In other words it is imp ortant to take the best action. Discuss if the styles of conflict management used in this case were effective In this case, we can point out three different cases of conflicts as follows; a conflict between Kalinsky and Kenworthy over the management and decision making autonomy in the Empyrean company which is the major conflict in the case, the conflict between Kalinsky and Bruce (Kenworthys father) over the firing of his son who also demanded to cash out his stake and leave the Empyrean company and the conflict between Kenworthy, Kalinsky and the Empyrean Group over wrong dismissal and cash settlement issue (Dahl, 2006). The major conflict being the second one involving Kalinsky and Kenworthy, firing Kenworthy was the best option to avoid escalation of the situation. This decision was reached after consulting Kenworthy father though he did not inform Kenworthy of his intentions and why. This depicts the conflict management style as partially cooperative problem solving and competing style (Mindtools.com, n.d). The competing style can be discerned from the fact that Kalinsky put his inter ests first in resolving to fire Kenworthy. However, these approaches were not very effective as they caused a little instability in the company after the â€Å"in-laws family quit. In solving the settlement issue, collaborating style was sued and it was very effective. It helped the parties involved come up with feasible terms of resolving the issue. Kalinsky negotiated with his ex-in-law and agreed to pay for their share and loan within two years (Dahl, 2006). I think this was the best way to go to avoid more conflicts arising (repayment within two years). After firing him, Empyrean business regained momentum and Kalinsky become more hopeful about its future. This is a sign of how timely and effective the decisions taken by Kalinsky were. For any conflict to be resolved, the styles employed should be effective to ensure the problem is solved amicably. Discuss if integrative negotiations were employed through the process of principled negotiations. An integrative negotiation is where parties work together to come up with a solution that best helps both parties. Both parties work hard to understand what the other party requires from the negotiation. Also called â€Å"win-win solution†, integrative negotiation requires a lot of compromise from both parties and works out for the best for both sides (Wisegeek.com, n.d). In our case, integrative negotiations were not employed to solve the conflict because each party considered its demands first. Kalinsky went a head to fire Kenworthy to safeguard his company from sinking. There is no incident where they sat down to negotiate on how to end their wrangles. On the other hand, Kenworthy criticized Kalinsky openly for his own interest. Bruce after his son was fired pulled out of the Empyrean Company without considering the repercussions of his move on the Kalinskys business. Therefore, each party did not want to compromise and put their interests first which is not the definitio n of integrative negotiations. Identify and discuss the communication problems and issues illustrated in the case. A number of communications problems are depicted in the case. First, communication between Kalinsky and Jordan his chief financial officer seems not to go well. Jordan failed to pay annual taxes for the Empyrean Company but he had not notified his co-founder Kalinsky. Kalinsky received a shocking notice from IRS telling him that his company had failed to pay its taxes for that year. With proper communication, the tax problem would have been avoided because Kalinsky would be updated on current issues and matters requiring urgent attention. Then there is the prevalent communication problem between Kalinsky and Kenworthy as depicted in many incidences. Then there communication was minimal especially when Kenworthy moved to Richmond. Even when they conversed over the phone prior to his firing, their communication was characterized by heated debate and ended badly. This was a problem whose source can be attributed to communication breakdown between the two parties. Good and timely commu nication would have gone a long way in abridging their differences. Recommend an alternative to the conflict styles used in the case. Conflict styles employed in this case are not the only way to solve crisis among people. An alternative style could be a compromising one (in first and second conflict) where the parties involved in a conflict sit and talk about the issue at hand and be ready to compromise to come up with a solution that will at least benefit everyone. Each party involved in the conflict is expected to give-up something. Compromising is aimed at getting the root cause of the crisis and discussing ways in which the matter can be resolved and become of help on both sides. The parties involved in the dialogue need to take into consideration what could benefit the other party so that at the end of the day there would be a mutual benefit. Compromising is believed to have solved many crises which would have escalated if solved otherwise. This style is useful when the cost of the conflict is higher than the cost of losing the compromised thing. Like in our case, Kalinsky could have compromised making deci sion on clients companies and leave it to Kenworthy thereby retaining him in the company. Compromising style works best there are two equal opponents in the question or approaching a set deadline.

Legalize Gay Marriage Essay - 1495 Words

Same-Sex Marriage Should Be Legalized Just about everyone has an opinion on legally allowing same-sex couples to marry. The arguments range from personal beliefs to what marriage is said to be in the Bible. Why should a couple be forbidden from showing each other along with family and friends that they are fully committed to each other? What place is it for the government to say that said couple is not allowed to commit to the one who truly makes you happy? Why should these people who are willing to be together for better or worse, in sickness and health, for richer or poorer not get the respect, consideration, and benefits that any opposite sex couple are granted? The United States are behind the time as far as this subject is†¦show more content†¦In 1996 President Bill Clinton signs the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) which allows states rights to ban same-sex marriages and to refuse to recognize such marriages performed elsewhere. Alaska voters approved an amendment to ban same-sex marriages in 1998. Vermont was the first state to recognize civil unions between same-sex couples in 2000 while that same year Nebraska voted to ban these marriages. Nevada banned same-sex marriages in 2002. November of 2003 the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court ruled that banning same-sex couples from marrying violates the states constitution and in turn makes gay and lesbian couples â€Å"second class citizens†. In May of 2004 President Bush declared to support the federal constitutional amendment to ban same-sex marriages. By May of 2004 same-sex marriages became legal in Massachusetts. While by November of this year thirteen other states including Missouri, Louisiana, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Michigan, Mississippi, Montana, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, and Utah all approved the banning of same-sex marriages. Other states began to follow the footsteps of Massachusetts legalizing civil unions as Connecticut did in October of 2005 while Kansas along with Texas followed the count erpart banning marriages that year. New Jersey in December of 2006 decided to legalize civil unions as Alabama, Idaho, Colorado, South Dakota, South Carolina, Tennessee,Show MoreRelated To Legalize, or Not to Legalize Gay Marriage Essay1971 Words   |  8 Pagesthese differences, yet Americans still ostracize the gay community as if they were less than human. Currently one specific controversy comes to mind in consideration of gays, and that is gay marriage. The controversies surrounding gay marriage include the legal, religious, and philosophical problems that allowing gay marriage could cause. The United States currently does not recognize gay partnerships as legal marriages, and therefore when gay partners file for a tax refund both partners must markRead MoreWhy Should We Legalize Gay Marriage?811 Words   |  4 PagesWhy should we legalize gay marriage? Or, in other words, why isnt gay marriage legalized already? Same-sex marriage is just about as humane as opposite-sex marr iage. One in ten people are gay. Seems perfectly normal to me. Is it normal to you? And anyway, why dont people like two gays marrying? Lets start out with the facts. The evidence. The nitty-gritty of all this debate. One out of ten people are gay or lesbian. So theres about twenty-eight people in this class, am I right? So thats atRead MoreEssay about Lets Legalize Gay Marriage872 Words   |  4 PagesLet’s Legalize Gay Marriage Gay marriage is a right. Heterosexual couples are allowed to enjoy all the marriage benefits, so why shouldn’t same-sex couples be able to? Why should other people be able to choose who marries who? If a man and a woman get married, no one seems to care. Gay marriage should be legal because it’s an issue of equal rights, it would save society money, and it will increase the chances for foster children to be adopted into loving families. Same-sex marriage is an issueRead MoreLet Us Legalize Gay Marriage Essay881 Words   |  4 Pages Or is it? When the topic of Gay Marriage arises in conversation, the main Anti-Gay point would be that the Bible does not agree with it. [Jones, Michael] Last time I checked, and according to the first amendment, the Bible has no standing power in American law. [Why Would We?] Therefore, the people of the United States should vote Yes on legalizing Gay Marriage. People are being harmed, people are being discriminated against, and by opposing Gay Marriage you are essentially condoning fellowRead MoreGay Marriage: Why Should We Legalize It? Essay1284 Words   |  6 PagesGay Marriage: Why Should We Legalize It? Gay marriage tends to spark many different opinions in the hearts and minds of the citizens of this great nation. This political issue is usually one that would spark a heated debate between even the closest of friends. The subject description typically spurs intense hatred and anger, even. You would more than likely witness numerous signs picketing this issue whether it may be a revised Bible quote deeming it a sin or a sign decked out in the many colorsRead Moreâ€Å"Same-Sex Marriage Should Not Be Legalized† Essay982 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Same-Sex Marriage Should Not Be Legalized†. July 18th 2012. Same-Sex Marriage Should Not Be Legalized. As we know, same-sex marriage has been discussed and argued for a long time. Within the controversial topic of gay rights, there’s no area more controversial than same-sex marriage. And all of us ask ourselves if same-sex marriage should be legal or not. But the fact is that we have to start thinking about it as a moral and religious topic. The government shouldn’t legalize the same-sexRead MoreSame-Sex Marriage Must Remain Legal Essay examples1271 Words   |  6 Pagesfive years same-sex marriage has become one of the most controversial issues in the United States, many social activist strive to aid homosexuals and their fight to legalize same-sex marriage. Marriage is a fundamental right not a privilege. Gay men and women should not be discriminated against based on their sexuality. Marriage is a sacred bond between two people that love each other no matter the sex, race, or religion. Everyday homosexuals are treated unfairly; most were born gay and cannot helpRead MoreSame-Sex Marriage Issues Controversies Essay example1180 Words   |  5 Pagesnamed gay marriage â€Å"one of the key struggles of our time†. According to the website â€Å"ProCon.org† as of January 6th 2014, 17 states have taken the plunge and legalized same-sex marriage. Marriage is â€Å"one of the basic civil rights of man†. Yet, we are still waiting on 66% of our nation to do the right thing and legalize gay marriage. The ban on gay marriage has deprived gay, lesbian, and bisexuals of many benefits that come with being married. Also, it has been proved that banning gay marriage createdRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal in All States1390 Words   |  5 PagesSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal in All States When you see the word marriage, what do you see or think of? Majorities of Americans will see a man and a woman together. That’s because it is a tradition that marriage is between a man and a woman. Wouldn’t it be nice if everyone could marry the love of their life? Unfortunately, same sex marriage is banned in thirty-two states and only legalized in eighteen states. So why can’t gay and lesbian couples marry each other? Same sex marriage is protectedRead More Against Legalizing Homosexual Marriages Essay1293 Words   |  6 PagesAgainst Legalizing Homosexual Marriages The legalized marriage of individuals with the same gender is drawing more attention these days. When asked, most people want to avoid the subject of homosexuality altogether or they have a very strong opinion on it. The debate over whether the United States should allow homosexual couples to marry legally is giving rise to a new social dilemma in our country. This question has courtrooms nervous, churches wavering and equal rights activists angry. Courtrooms

The Regulatory Ethical Environment of Business Free Essays

string(230) " Its not the fact that Non-For-Profit organization cannot generate revenue, actually a lot of them do \(For example NCAA \(National College Athletic Association\)\), it is the fact that it cannot use revenues to invest in itself\." Incorporated In Wall or with a physical presence In Wall) to review in an original term paper. The student must cover at a minimum 3 of the following 7 topics: (2) What type of entity is this business (e. G. We will write a custom essay sample on The Regulatory Ethical Environment of Business or any similar topic only for you Order Now LLC, for-profit entity, nonprofit entity, etc. ) and why is that the best choice for this business? (1) How does the equines address ethical or moral issues? (5) What environmental issues does the business deal with? (3) If the business develops, sells or otherwise deals with consumer products, how does the business ensure product safety? (4) Does the business engage in advertising? If so, why? Further, how does it determine what type of advertising best suits Its purposes? (6) What employment Issues has the business faced? 7) What type of steps does the business undertake to Meltzer discrimination both within and outside the workplace? Papers will be graded on thoroughness and concepts covered in the textbooks. Students may conduct research of the business however they see fit, though it is strongly suggested that the student interview or otherwise correspond with a contact person or persons affiliated with the chosen business. Papers must be double spaced, typed in size 12 Times N ew Roman font with 1 inch margins. The paper must be a minimum of 10 pages and a maximum of 12 pages. MGM-6020-E, 6020?The Regulatory Ethical Environment of Business Term Paper : Hallelujah Solar (http://www. Holidaymakers. Mom/) length of existence in Hawaii and a description of Hawaii-based activities (particularly f you are covering a national â€Å"chain† business) Hallelujah Solar named after a massive shield volcano that forms more than 75% of the Hawaiian Island of Maim. The story of the company is not what one would expect. It did not start with a massive research or a group or pro environmental scientist. It all started back in the ass’s, Hallelujah Solar founder, Jim Whitlock,working as a plumber at a golf course, came home after a hard day of work, ready for a nice shower and realized he had no hot water. He called his landlord, and told him all the water he was getting was cold. Mr.. Toby, a long-time local, came over and pointed to a box on the roof and e xclaimed in his broken English, â€Å"No more sun, no more hot water†. Mr.. Toby went on to explain how the home-made device, copper tubes sandwiched between old window panes connected to a water tank sitting on a rotting wooden stand, used the sun to create hot water. Jim touched the tubes and pulled immediately back from the heat. The proverbial light bulb went off in his head. â€Å"Holy cow, this actually works†, he thought. And that was it. Jims solar energy Journey had begun. Keep in mind back then he was a long-haired hippie surfer, involved in environmental causes like Save Our Surf, a group dedicated to preserving reefs and pristine shorelines from unscrupulous developers. In a weird twist of fate, here he is years later, using inspiration he got from an amateur backyard inventor, still helping the environment and along with it, thousands of other lives as well. However, despite the free spirited image Jim was no slacker he was mechanically inclined and good with his hands. It took Jim 60 days to build a solar system prototype whilst working a day Job. This was no small feat considering this was before most people owned a computer let alone heard of the internet. He spent most of his extra time in the local library doing research and experimenting with different materials and products and eventually developed an efficient working solar hot water system. â€Å"The members of the corporation unlike the members of partnership or the proprietors of a business – are financially liable for the debts of the organization only up to the extent of their investments† (Pig 152 Shaw). 977, Jim officially started his solar company, Hallelujah Resources Inc. During the ass’s, due to the oil embargo in the Middle East, crude prices rose dramatically. Environmental awareness also emerged at this time and the ambition of the two triggered tremendous interest in alternative ways to create energy. Solar was a major recipient of this newfound interest and the whole industry took off. Due to the professionalism and integrity of Jim and his services, the now- named Hallelujah Solar quickly became the largest solar company in Maim, eventually other islands and soon they were installing systems all over the state. In the mid ass’s, Jim started experimenting with solar cells, creating electricity. With fuel costs constantly rising, and photovoltaic technology prices dropping, he envisioned a true in which â€Å"people would set up their own small electric companies†. In observing the incredible growth of solar electric today, we can conclude he was right. Hallelujah Solar has been in business for over 35 years and has installed over ten thousand solar energy systems with satisfied customers all over the state of Hawaii. They believe servicing systems is Just as important as installing them. They are a one- stop shop and service anything solar energy related. Hallelujah Solar truly stands behind their work, and are one of the few solar companies in the state to have been round long enough to actually back up a 25 year warranty. What type of entity is this business (e. G. LLC, for-profit entity, nonprofit entity, etc. ) and why is that the best choice for this business? â€Å"When we think of corporation we naturally think of giants such as General Motors, Exxon Mobil, Microsoft or Walter, which exert enormous influence over our economy and society. But the local independently owned convenience store may be a corporation. † (pig 1 52 Shaw). Jim Whitlock knew that if he to have any kind of success he needed to create a corporation. Corporation has many advantages that suited this reticular situation. First of all the expansion factor a non-for-profit entity has harder time Justifying expansion since its goal is not revenue generation but rather its mission. Its not the fact that Non-For-Profit organization cannot generate revenue, actually a lot of them do (For example NCAA (National College Athletic Association)), it is the fact that it cannot use revenues to invest in itself. Revenues of non-for-profit organization usually distributed to shareholders as dividends or invested in projects. Non-for-profit cannot retain profits for self investment. Jim Whitlock had the sights et on expansion and needed the profits and revenues to be invested back into the corporation. So that he can weather downturns in business and have enough financial leverage to expand. Non-for-profit usually relies on donations as the main contribution, Corporations are relied on investors as the main source of contribution. Being an investor is more lucrative than being a donor. With corporation it is easier to get findings not only from people who want to succeed with you but also from financial institutions. If a corporation is generating revenue financial institutions are more inclined to give loan or become an investor. The idea of making money appeals more to the banks rather donations†¦ Go figure. Last but not least the Non-for-profit tax requirement for compliance are tedious and time consuming not to mention strict regulations code Jim Whitlock needed to focus on the company’s development and its growth instead of trying to comply with government requirements. These are the biggest reasons why Corporation was the right path for Hallelujah corporation rather than the path of non for profit. One of the most important legal benefits is the proprietors and general partners in a partnership are personally and Jointly expansible for all the liabilities of a business such as loans, accounts payable, and legal Judgments. In a corporation, however, stockholders, directors and officers typically are not liable for the company’s debts and obligations. There is this quote in the book â€Å"The problem, of course, is that they are not human beings. Or to quote Lord Thrown an eighteenth-century lawyer, how can you â€Å"expect a corporation to have a conscience, when it has no soul to be damned and no body to be kicked(pig 154 Shaw). The fact is that these types of corporations do have souls because it starts tit one man’s idea and that man wants to see his idea come to fruition, to grow and to materialize. To start something from basically zero with Just an idea a person needs to invest time, a person needs to invest resources and most importantly his soul. The corporation is a shield for personal assets to minimize the already enormous risk a person is taking. Such shield allows the company to grow and maintain the work force knowing that the corporation Just like a person can be braised or blamed, even punished for the decisions management makes and the policies management undertakes. 1) How does the business address ethical or moral issues? The 1973 oil crisis started in October 1973, when the members of Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries or the OPEC (consisting of the Arab members of OPEC, plus Egypt, Syria and Tunisia) proclaimed an oil embargo. By the end of the embargo in March 1974, the price of oil had risen from US $3 per barrel to nearly $12. This was the wake up call to search for alternative energy source. A lot of articles was posted on the power of solar technology. Jim Whitlock recognized the niche need for solar powered heaters and decided to turn an idea into reality and in turn o profit. â€Å"Pollution and the depletion of natural resources are two aspects of the same problem: Both involve using up natural resources that are limited. Pollution uses up clean air and water, Just as extraction uses up the minerals or oil in the ground† (pig 244 Shaw). However, here we have something that is free and taken for granted – Sunlight. Hallelujah Corporation uses sunlight as its primary resource and converts it to heat and electricity the added bonus is no pollution created. In fact studies have confirmed that in the long run installing solar powered equipment reduces cost to he consumer in the long run. Those costs are not only monetary but also environmental since no additional pollution generated there is no additional cost to improve the environment. The cost of cleaning up pollution â€Å"Cost can include time, effort, discomfort, and lost opportunities† (pig 248 Shaw). Since solar industry does not generate extra pollution it saves everyone a lot of time, effort, discomfort and lost opportunities. The longer the solar technology is used the more indirect benefit it generates. Something that deserves to be mentioned a lot of government findings are spent falls into this category. The incentive for solar industry actually comes from two levels the State and The federal both offer tax credits if consumer or a company decides to take a â€Å"greener† route. Both the state of Hawaii and the US federal government offer generous tax credits for new solar photovoltaic system installations. The state of Hawaii also gives tax credits for solar hot water systems. These incentives dramatically lower the cost of purchasing and installing a solar system and have fueled the huge wave of interest in the last several years for solar energy in Hawaii. We thought we would explain how these tax credits work in order for you to start to understand how you can take advantage of them. Now lets get into the specifics the federal government gives a 30% tax credit on the cost of equipment and installation of a solar photovoltaic system and applies to all systems placed into service before December 31, 2016. The Hawaii Energy Tax Credit allows solar customers to claim an income tax credit of 35% of the cost of equipment and installation of a solar hot water system. So here we have a savings of 30% from federal and 35% from state on top of this we have a long term savings on the cost of electricity and indirect benefit of no pollution being generated. Utilitarianism is the moral doctrine that we should always act to produce the greatest possible balance of good over bad for everyone affected by our actions† (pig 48 Shaw). With so many reason for the use of solar technology there is no moral or ethical counter argument against it. So what is holding back ?. It is hard to get over the initial investment. Even with all the tax credits solar investment still has a hefty price tag. It is a big investment for a middle class person to shell out for a system that has tendency to be unreliable. That brings us to the next hurdle – unreliability. Even though in this day an age this is almost a non issue because of storage batteries and much more efficient ways to store energy which is being unused. Solar energy does heavily rely on the sun and some parts of the world (other than Hawaii) sun is seasonal and inconsistent so even with all the incentives it is unpractical in some parts of the world. Last but not least, solar technology does require maintenance once in a while, the solar panels do get dusty and dirty and they need to be hosed off. Not everyone has the physical agility to climb the roof so additional expense is squired to maintain it. What environmental issues does the business deal with? The Hallelujah solar Inc is the futures answer to the present day pollution. We live in a time when its apparent that the use of energy that comes from the combustion of fossil fuels is something that needs to be left in the past, because these sources of energy are not endless and they have quite a negative impact on our Earth’s delicate CEO-system. â€Å"William T. Blackstone, have gone further to argue that each of us has a right to a livable environment. In Blackstone view, this is a human right. Each person has the right qua being human and because a livable environment is essential for one to fulfill his human capacities† This right has emerged as a result of well as the possibility of realizing other human rights† (page 245 Shaw). Solar power is an efficient, CEO-friendly, and endless source of energy that does not have the negative effects on our environment. Yet despite the availability of alternative sources most of the power used in the United States is made from dirty fossil fuels including coal, gas, and oil. Once fossil fuels are burned to generate energy, they Anton be reused and we have to find more to create more energy. The search for more fossil fuels is only going to become more dangerous and expensive. â€Å"Ecosystem which refers to a total ecological community, both living and nonliving. Webs of interdependence structure ecosystems. Predators and prey, producers and consumers, hosts and parasites are linked, creating interlocking mechanisms – checks and balances – that stabilize the system. â€Å"(page 243 Shaw). Pollution is a cancer that is slowly eating away at the entire ecosystem. Slowly corroding the interlocking mechanism and destroying the checks and balances. Air pollution causes damage to crops, animals, forests, and bodies of water. It also contributes to the depletion of the ozone layer, which protects the Earth from the sun’s UP rays. Another negative effect of air pollution is the formation of acid rain, which harms trees, soils, rivers, and wildlife. Some of the other environmental effects of air pollution are haze, transportation, and global climate change. Pollution also has a direct effect on human that becomes apparent and burdensome during our lifetime. Air pollution can cause long-term and short-term health effects. It’s found that the elderly and nouns children are more affected by air pollution. Short-term health effects include eye, nose, and throat irritation, headaches, allergic reactions, and upper respiratory infections. Some long-term health effects are lung cancer, brain damage, liver damage, kidney damage, heart disease, and respiratory disease. The sun is a huge source of free, natural and renewable power. Using solar power can help offset energy generated from fossil fuels. About half the electricity in the U. S. Comes from burning coal, which releases toxic emissions, such as nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, and heavy metals like mercury. Using solar electricity reduces our dependence on coal, thus decreasing greenhouse gases and pollution. Energy produced from green sources, like solar, will help reduce our dependence on imported energy. Solar power can be generated cleanly and safely in the United States, where Jobs can be created in sales, installation, and engineering. In addition, home solar provides freedom from electricity rate increases and power outages. Here in Hawaii, this is even more critical as all of our oil is imported leaving us vulnerable to unstable worldwide fluctuations in the prices of crude oil. By going solar, you can edge the risk of fluctuating oil prices. Hallelujah Solar helps fight against the ongoing pollution by offering a substitute energy source. Aside from the obvious benefit to the environment Solar company does offer something immediate to an individual such as tax credit. The government sees the benefit to not only get rid of dependence on foreign resources but also the need to take care of the environment. A lot of incentives were offered to the make money destroying the environment can there be a profitable business that benefits the environment. Apparently it can Solar industry has been gaining a lot of round people are looking to save money and governments are looking to reduce the cost of pollution and to reduce the indirect cost of foreign resource dependency. Social responsibility and environmental sustainability are core business competencies not a fringe activities† (page 245 Shaw) Conclusion and final thoughts, which may include a global view of what you’ve discovered about the business, what the futur e likely holds for the business, etc A solar industry is finally getting its time in the sun. When I began the research I was curious in the industry and what it had to offer. With today’s rising prices in oil and gas you are forced to look for alternatives. This year on may 9th president Obama stressed the need for US to find alternative energy source and pledged 2 billion dollars to solar industry. Executive actions that will drive investments in solar energy upgrades for government and private sector buildings, improve appliance efficiency standards, strengthen commercial building codes, encourage innovative financing, and create Jobs by developing a skilled solar workforce. † (Washington Post, may 9th). A lot of big corporations such as Apple and Kea are taking a chance on alarm energy and installing it at their locations. First of all there are incentives such as tax credits which save money for corporations in the short run. Second of all, there are saving incenti ves in the long run since the companies don’t have to pay so much for traditional forms of energy. Third of all, it is a really great publicity stunt which can go a long way with investors. So the government is curious about the future of solar technology, the corporations are curious about yet the public remains blind. How to cite The Regulatory Ethical Environment of Business, Papers

Hong Kong Population free essay sample

Hong Kong’s Population is expected to grow from just over 7 million today to nearly 9 million in the next 30 years. What problems and opportunities might this create for Hong Kong? Name: Arthur Chow Class: 8F (6) Supervisor: Mr. Richard Millham Hong Kong’s Population is expected to grow from just over 7 million today to nearly 9 million in the next 30 years. What problems and opportunities might this create for Hong Kong? Hong Kong is one of the cities that has the highest density in the world, its population is increasing rapidly through the years and is expected to grow from a rate of 7 million today to nearly 9 million in the next 30 years. There are many different problems created by the increase in population, which includes ageing problems, lack of public facilities and environmental pollution problems. But on the other hand, it also causes a few opportunities for Hong Kong, such as improving the economic growth and more people working, leading to better products in society. We will write a custom essay sample on Hong Kong Population or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hong Kong is a densely populated city and its population increase is mainly due to immigration. It is a major destination for tourists and business visitors. In 2011, passenger arrivals and departures totaled 253 Million. People around the world who possess special skills and knowledge come to Hong Kong to live, work and study here. In addition, non- Hong Kong citizens giving birth in Hong Kong is also a main factor for the population boom especially the mainlanders, they come due to the restrictions of birth in Mainland China. More people moved here for higher living standards, in terms of social security, living environment and freedom which caused the population to increase, resulting in different problems and issues. Firstly, environmental problems are one of the main challenges that Hong Kong needs to face. Municipal Solid Waste is waste that comes from domestic, commercial and industrial sources. They consist of everyday items we use and throw away, such as clothing, food packaging and furniture, these come from households, public areas, factories and businesses. According to the Government website, ‘Each year, more than 6 million tonnes of MSW is produced, and over half of which is disposed of in the three strategic landfills. ’(http://www. gov. hk/en/residents/environment/waste/wasterecycinhk. htm) However the amount of MSW produced is enormous and is putting pressure on these landfills. ‘In 2009 alone, 6. 5 million tonnes were generated, of which 49% was recycled and the rest went to landfills†¦However, these sites will be completely filled by the mid-2010s if the level of waste continues to grow at the current levels. Gas released from municipal waste will cause bad smell and affect the neighbors around the landfill sites. ‘According to the EPA, the methane produced by the rotting organic matter in unmanaged landfills is 20 times more effective than carbon dioxide at trapping heat from the sun. ’(http://greenliving. lovetoknow. com/Environmental_Problems%3A_Landfills) They also produce toxic gas which causes air pollution and can impact the air quality. These pollutants would harm public health and lower the living quality of living residents. A news report shows that the government planned to build incineration facilities as part of the expanded landfill, the new incinerator will burn the sludge generated from the landfill. But during incineration, a small amount of dioxins is expected to be released into the air. Dioxins are highly toxic substances that can cause reproductive and developmental problems. Long-term exposure can damage the immune system. (http://www. scmp. com/comment/insight-opinion/article/1202002/pollution-makes-proposed-reclamation-site-unliveable)Therefore it does not solve the problem  but creates more environmental problem. Landfill does not only have an impact on humans but they also damage other living organisms. Groundwater from landfills may contain toxic and harmful chemicals of industrial and home-cleaning chemicals which would damage plants and wildlife habitats. Landfill is a serious matter in Hong Kong, it causes many environmental problems and affects people’s life. Apart from envi ronmental problems, housing and the lack of residential areas is also a serious problem created by the growth of population. Hong Kong is a small place but with a large population. Therefore, the government has to build more houses to satisfy the population which means they have to find more land in order to build these new houses. According to the government, about 50 percent of housing is private permanent housing, but as the population increases, the demand increases at the same time. More and more people would want to buy houses therefore the cost of the housing will increase rapidly which makes it unaffordable.

#8220;Analytical Essay Sample on Gender Norms Based on #8220;#8221;The Last Man#8221;#8221; #8220;

#8220;Analytical Essay Sample on Gender Norms Based on #8220;#8221;The Last Man#8221;#8221; #8220; Introduction Gender is simply defined as the cultural and social construction of masculinity or feminity (Perry 8). This definition is not only enough when talking about gender as the term encompasses several factors like sexual orientation, common appearance and even forms of communication. However, this being a very wide term has led to formation of stereotype implying that men and women have to adhere to some gender roles for them to be seen socially as fit and hence some recognition in the society. In opposition to this stereotype which I believe it intends to impose and force some roles basing on gender hence favoring one gender or another. Women gender norms in the society The topic of women gender norms in the society is very instrumental in shaping up the society which is a building block to the nation. Therefore, when talking about gender roles there are various ideologies that arise hence emergency of stereotypes. This influences the way a group of people will behave and act in order to be accepted in a given gender group. For example, there has been a stereotype on how a perfect woman and man should look like. One who does not subscribe to these activities is seen as an outcast and thus not accepted in the society. Not that this attributes are from the holy book of God but just by man as observed from televisions, magazines and advertisements. In other words, for a woman to be considered perfect, it involves beauty in shape, dependent, caretaker, housewife, respectful, loving and nurturing. This is not true as one cannot possess all these characteristics at ago. Depending on the outcome the society will either reject or hold an individual. On the other hand, a perfect man is considered to be strong, masculine and a provider. According to Vaughan in the book The Last Man (Vaughan 22), he dwells on the positive ideology concerning women where he represents women as being strong physically as opposed to the stereotype of them being weaker sex. This is clearly brought out when Yorick is beaten almost to death by a woman who fights impressively disabling them. In addition, to this we are informed that women show the ability of leading armies and nations. They also demonstrate intelligence in the biological research where they lead from the front. In this case the stereotype of women being cooperative is not true as they turn out to have more convincing power than men hence outdoing them. An example of this from the last man is when Women like Rep Brown and Rose are concerned for the common good (Vaughan 66). Chauvinistic stereotype of men is also demonstrated when Yorick who is a staunch traditionalist believes that there is nothing a woman can do but instead he ends up being held by a supermodel lady with a gun. Instead of fearing for his life he thinks the woman is after raping him as he assumes she is a weaker sex (Vaughan 47). This is not true as the supermodel is not interested sexually but she is after killing him. Another stereotype disapproved in the comic book is the one of women being peace loving and cooperative than men. On contrary Yorick becomes surprised to learn that the militias of republican wives are demanding for their husbands. This just shows that whenever women want something that they believe is rightfully theirs they will push very hard to get it. Despite of several criticisms the book still holds on traditional and artistic norms which reinforce stereotypes concerning gender. The relationship between Yorick and Beth is related to dating norms of medieval operation. Yorick here is portrayed as a knight who has to endure so many things in order to reach his beloved one. This tells us man is meant to be the seeker and provider which is not the case any longer as presently it is either way. Another gender norm that surfaces is feminism. This comes out in this comic book when all the women including Agent 355 having colored lips, which not even a single man in the story dares to have. Literary in the current situations which kind of man will have time for lipsticks; hence signifying this character is meant for women. The comic medium here is based on paint differentiating between men and women. (Vaughan 105). The ideology in the book continues to suppress the gendered norms of tradition. This is because from the book we learn that oppositional ideologies will still be persisting at least in one way or another. Even though there is evolution in the way society perceives gender some norms cannot completely be eliminated. Ironically there is a justification of women being perceived as subjects for sex. When we are told that the truck super model posed with her gaze to right, nipples protruding towards the observers. This simply justifies that it is women who have to attract to their side by showing what they have and not the other way round. Conclusion This being a very intriguing topic needs a sober approach during the discussion depending on one’s experience and information from the available literature.

Seeing Similarities Between Plants and Animals Essays

Seeing Similarities Between Plants and Animals Essays Seeing Similarities Between Plants and Animals Essay Seeing Similarities Between Plants and Animals Essay Seeing Similarities Between Plants and Animals As you look around outside, you may see birds perched in trees, frogs croaking on lily pads, and even dogs digging in the grass. Our world is filled with plants and animals, yet when a person thinks of the phrase plants and animal, they automatically begin thinking about the differences between the two. As different as they may seem, plants and animals are very similar in the following areas: reproduction, human uses, and the requirement of water. Even though plants and animals can be distinguished from one another, evolution has bridged the gap between the two more than most people realize. All organisms need to reproduce for the continuation of their species, otherwise that species would die off. Both plants and animals reproduce and in the process create offspring. You will never see a plant with the same type of reproductive system as in an animal; however, plants do form their own versions of these organs called gametes. Two aspects of reproduction are the process of fertilization and birth. The process of fertilization is nothing more than the male and female sex cells combining. Two sperm cells are involved in the fertilization process with plants; one combines with the egg cell and the other becomes the seed. In the process of fertilization with animals, only one sperm fertilizes the female egg. Life for a new plant begins when it emerges from its seed. Part of the growth process occurs while still in the seed and the remainder occurs after birth. For example, do you remember when you were in elementary school, and had to place a bean seed in a plastic bag with water? After about a week, you were able to see roots sprout from the seed. This showed us how plants were born. Meanwhile, life for an animal begins when exiting the mothers womb or from an egg. In both cases, birth is experienced; however, with plants the process is called mitosis and with animals it is called meiosis. As can be seen, plants and animals have reproduction similarities. Humans have always found uses for plants and animals, chiefly in the areas of clothing and food. Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden wore grass skirts, eventually, and the cavemen from prehistoric times wore animal hides. Obviously, our uses for plants and animals have grown since the above mentioned times. Much of our clothing comes from plants. Cotton is the foremost fiber used to manufacture clothing. Whether it be the Levis, the Polo shirt, or your favorite Snuggie, it is made of cotton in some degree. A summary of the 2011 annual meeting of the National Cotton Council stated that the demand for cotton is so high that it is creating a challenge for the farmers of cotton to keep up. The absorbent fibers of cotton can withstand high temperatures, allowing the fibers to be combined with other plant and synthetic fibers. Synthetic fibers are also produced from plants. Examples of synthetic fibers include the following: polyester, rayon, and nylon. Synthetic fibers can be produced very cheaply and in large amounts. They are strong, wrinkle-resistant, and glossy. No wonder the 70s were so popular! In the same fashion, animals have provided an important source of clothing for the human race. Whether it is the alligator shoes on your feet, the snake skin belt around your waist, or the rather heavy leather jacket on your back, they all are made from an animal. Buttons, fabric dyes, decorative items like mother of pearl and tortoise shell also come from animals. Some of the main foods that we obtain from plants include the following: corn, soy, rice, fruit, wheat, nuts, and oats. We also get herbs and spices for seasoning from plants. Can you imagine what your favorite dish would taste like if there were no such thing as seasoning? Humans seemingly consume every part of certain plants from the root to the fruit. Humans use animals mostly for the meat that they provide, such as chicken, beef, pork, fish, and lamb. Other animal meats that humans consume are deer, rabbit, wild boar, bison, frog, and goat. Some people even choose to indulge in bat meat. We also use the eggs and milk products that some animals produce. Have you ever wondered what a marshmallow is made out of? Animal gelatins are an ingredient in not only marshmallows, but also a whole range of foods like candy, mayonnaise, and ice cream. The clothing and food that humans create from plants and animals will continue to grow with time. By the same token, water is crucial for the growth and transportation of nutrients in all plants and animals. Plants and animals both need large quantities of water in a constant supply to aid in the growth process. Plants mostly use water during photosynthesis. Plants draw the water in from the soil and combine it with the carbon dioxide from the air. This is how they make their food. Water also helps the body of the plant to stand upright. If the plant does not have enough water, it will cause the plant to lose turgor pressure and it will begin to droop and eventually wilt. . Turgor pressure is the pressure of the water inside the plants body that helps it to maintain its shape. To put it in another way, what happens if your Ford Tauruss tires lose air? They lose their form because there is no air pressure within the tire. Its the same thing with turgor pressure in plants, except with water. In like manner, animals need water for growth, too. If an animal does not take in adequate amounts of water, it will begin to experience dehydration. This can be lethal to animals or lead to other serious health problems, such as weight loss, lack of energy, sunken eyes, or dry mucous membranes. Water also aids in the transportation of nutrients through the bodies of both plants and animals. In plants nutrients are drawn in from the soil through the roots, and travels up the plant through the xylem vessels, which move the water to the different parts of the plant. In animals, basically the same thing happens, except the water transports nutrients through organs. Man has come a long way in our understanding of the world around us; furthermore, evolution has brought closer together two elements of this world that the average person would easily overlook. Reproduction, human uses, and the requirement of water are all areas in which plants and animals share similarities. So think twice the next time you hear the phrase plants and animals because, as you have read, they are alike in more ways than most people realize.

Palestine, Israel and the Arab-Israeli Conflict Essay

Palestine, Israel and the Arab-Israeli Conflict - Essay Example Since the end of the first World War, the land known as Palestine had been under British Colonial rule. In the early years of Palestine, there were a much greater amount of Muslims than Jews occupying the land at almost seven to one. (Wikipedia.com, 2006) As further persecution came in the time of the second World War, the aftermath resulted in an even larger influx of Jewish people in Palestine. Instead of the more lopsided difference in Muslims to Jews, it was now a two to one difference. In 1948, Britain pulled out of Palestine, at the same time recognizing the State of Israel and splitting the land between Jews and Arabs. This decision was further agreed upon by the United Nations. However other Arab nations did not agree, thus starting the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. Israel won this war and many other conflicts after that. As a result of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, however, many Palestinian Arabs lost, or were forced out of, both their homes and livelihoods. The Israeli government, after the war, created the Absentee Property Law which allowed Israel to confiscate the property of the Palestinian Arab refugees who were not in the country at that time. (Nabulsi, L., 2006) With the Palestinian Arab refugees having no home-state, this issue leads us to more current issues that face Israel and Palestinians to this day. Recent Issues Much of the recent conflicts in Israel are due to disagreements between government of Israel and the Palestinian Authority as to the future of a Palestinian state, the fate of the Palestinian refugees and the survival of an Israeli state (Wikipedia.com, 2006). Terrorist activities brought about by the formation of groups such as Hamas and Hezbollah in the area have made life difficult for both Palestinian and Israeli people. Life is a daily struggle between normality and chaos. Peace has been brokered by almost every President of the United States since the late 1970's. "Roadmaps" were written to lead the two sides to an agreement, but a terrorist attack against Israeli people by Palestinian suicide bombers would lead to retaliation by Israeli military forces, so on and so forth. Organizations such as the Palestinian Liberation Organization, now the Palestinian Authority (PA) led at one time by Yasir Arafat, did some good in leading the Palestinians to an agreement with Israel. The Oslo Peace Accords were the most recent attempt to come to agreement. However, due to many Palestinians desire to have no Jewish state, and in turn no Israel, it is with great difficulty that any agreement may ever hold. Solution In the current setting of the Arab-Israeli conflict, it seems there will never be a solution to the problem or an end to the violence. From the street level, with violent attacks at times a daily occurrence, it is clear that an agreement is far off. "The Palestinian street has definitively rejected Oslo [Peace Accords], and top officials of the PA now say that UN resolutions must form the basis for future status talks," (Beinin & Hajjar, 2000).  

Health Demand, Elasticity, Principle and Agent in Determining Demand Coursework

Health Demand, Elasticity, Principle and Agent in Determining Demand for Medical Care - Coursework Example The cited unique factors may be classified within the â€Å"health status† variable that impact expectation but their role are far too important in the healthcare setting to be relegated as a mere sub-factor. This is the case because the patients are the ones seeking care and that demand is initiated based on their healthcare needs. Afterwards, the physician then prescribes the quantity as well as type of treatment/medical product or service to be needed. For instance, a person is admitted into emergency care because of severe diabetes. Upon examination, the physician has determined that one of his legs has to be amputated in order to save his life. Here, the demand for the surgery and the medications entailed were determined based on the condition of the patient and the judgment of physician. I believe that if the patient is insured the impact of income and price may be diminished. This can also be highlighted in the dynamics behind the decline of price and its impact on dema nd. In conventional goods, a decline would precipitate demand. However, in the case of health care a decline in price, say, of a diabetes drug, would not immediately translate into demand or a significant change in the demand curve because it will be dependent on the number of diabetics and their need and health status. Imagine a situation where consumers have incomplete information about their health status and about the productivity of medical care. Examine the roles of the principal and the agent in helping consumers to determine the demand for medical care in the described situation. Provide at least one (1) detailed example of such roles in action to support your response. Let us suppose that the patient is covered by medical insurance. He is, in effect, the principal in this situation while the physician serves as his agent, acting in his best interest since his decisions are made to improve the patient's well-being. This is the ideal scenario where the agent recommends care services and medications for the client’s benefit. For instance, the physician could prescribe highly-paid and, therefore, effective procedures. The patient without any medical knowledge as to his condition or the treatment would not have known the difference between such procedures and low-paid primary care. But t he condition and the physician’s influence move the demand curve towards highly-paid care and specialties.

Social Consequences of New Media

Social Consequences of New Media Identify the most consequential features of ‘new media’ and assess how and why sociological theory and concepts deal with these. Abstract This essay establishes the background of new media technologies within the context of their historical development. The argument is then addressed towards the largest social consequences tial outcomes of new technologies as through analysis of the augmentation and facilitation of social communities and online interest groupsthe key consequential developments of new media, culminating in the premise that online community augmentation is the most crucial in order to provide social structures for the existence and promotion of other new media consequences. This argument is then placed into a framework of related theoretical endeavour and elucidates salient arguments in order to establish the premise within contemporary academia. The essay closes with a summation of the discussion along with concluding comments. The term ‘new media’ has gained a great deal of currency over the past two decades. It is also worthy of note that the term has gained status as a collective, singular noun form as if it was in reference to a single, coherent entity. This practice has become increasingly common, not only in marketing circles and journalistic reportage but also in the world of academia. Whilst the term in itself is incredibly vague, the utterance of such increasingly implies solidarity of existence as a totally formed and fully achieved social and material practice. Whilst there is little truth in this premise, this nature of conduct continues, and in doing so undermines development of coherent debate. Throughout this paper, the term ‘new media’ will be applied to the technological practice, development and subsequent social construction of those technologies which have been borne of internet and digitally associated technologies. In addition to this, it must be pointed out that it would at best be truculent, and at worst benighted, to talk of the consequences of new media in terms of cause and effect; this does not do the subject justice nor does it recognise the transience of the situation. It is for these reasons that throughout the course of this critique the consequences of new media technologies will be catalogued in a historically linear form in order to demonstrate the manner in which such technologies lead to further technological developments, each built upon the innovation of the previous. This essay will address the inception of those technologies which have now come to be known as new media and establish them within a historical framework with particular e mphasis placed on the development of the World Wide Web. Scholarly endeavour on these matters is subsequently placed into context of existing examples of new media development, along with their societal consequences. These arguments are then consolidated with broader, underpinning theories which argue for the case of community augmentation as the primary consequence of new media technologies. The essay then closes with a summary of key points raised with according conclusions. Current developments in new media technologies can be traced back to the inception of internet technologies and the consequential developments which ensued. When John Licklider joined ARPA, Leonard Klienrock was already developing ideas for ‘packet sending’. This was a method of sending information in broken up pieces, or ‘packets’. The information would be reassembled at the other end. Because the files were broken up before sending, they would be more difficult to eavesdrop, therefore of great appeal to ARPA. In 1965 an experiment saw computers in Berkley and MIT linked over a low-speed dial-up telephone line, forming the first ever Wide Area Network (Sadar, 2000). ARPA scientists continued the development of networking protocols and in 1972 TCP/IP was born. This would allow different networks to communicate with each other. Now it was simply a matter of time and growth, as at this stage computers consisted of large mainframes that were not available to the majority of people. In 1982, whilst ARPANET was still the backbone of the system, they adopted TCP/IP. This is considered as the birth of the internet; an international network of computers all using the standard. Expansion of the system was also occurring due to advances in computer technology and in 1984 the number of online hosts was over 1000. Governments started using and promoting the system for educational purposes and by 1987 there were 10.000 hosts (over the following two years this number had swelled to 100,000) (Baym, 1998). The year 1991 saw the launch of the World Wide Web (WWW) which consisted of a network of searchable and retrievable sites that employ the use of Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). This protocol automatically searched for the site and retrieved it for automatic viewing. Tim Berners-Lee and other scientists had been developing ideas for making data easily retrievable since 1989 and several browser/editor programs were made shortly after. This formed the basis of what would become new media technology as it is now known (Baym, 1998).An important consequence of the proliferation of new media is the digital divide. In economic terms, the digital divide emphasises the gap between those with privilege and those without. Those without suffer a more limited access to the means of information distribution that new media has come to be synonymous with; internet access, email, smartphones, etc. The consequences of this are broad reaching since they can affect people not just on their individual access to digital information services but also by geographical location or by their access to social entities such as businesses, educational services and public services. This gap also exists between nation states and is known on an international scale as the global digital divide (Halford Savage, 2010). The historically recent rise in new media has also prompted an interest in the academic study of mobilities; an area of the social sciences which was largely disregarded until the phenomenon. The turn in attitude is due largely, if not wholly, to the ubiquity of locative media and mobile communications in increasingly novel forms (Urry, 2000). These new technologies are augmenting and supplementing the manner in which members of society communicate with one another, and indeed their locations, on the move. Such ICTs (Information and Communications Technologies) are increasing in ubiquity, as increasing numbers of people begin to carry smart technologies with them, and rising numbers of architectural structures and public borders are becoming embedded with responsive entities which can relay pertinent information. Transport structures, public service buildings, architecture of interest, etc. are becoming increasingly embedded with satellite connectivity, GPS, responsive software, sens ors and other interactive data transfer forms (Urry, 2004). It is uncontroversial to argue that the most important and far-reaching consequence of new media is the increased ability for social and community forming; the world has witnessed a massive rise in online groups and communities. For many people it is now possible to be part of multiple online groups simultaneously. Much of the general debate around the value of the virtual communitiesdebate which surrounds new media also highlights the increase in digital representation and through subcultures. From the early days of online chatrooms and social portals which existed entirely in textual form, the development into widespread social media has brought with it a sharp rise in both the globalisation of culture and digital representation of the self through online platforms. Debate on such representation has become which have developed from new media technologies has become polarised in academic debateia. On the one hand is the groupA strong argument in scholarly endeavour which argues maintains that the internet has created a new platform for with which to resurrect traditional notions of community (perceived as fading in ‘real life’) which could be perceived as diminishing in modern culture; this and is a positive step towards achieving a new global solidarity, particularly with the co ncurrent development of cultural globalisation. The opposition to this school of thought maintain that cyberspace detracts attention from the issues faced in ‘real life’ community and is therefore erodes it. This point of view is eloquently allegorised in the opening page of Jean Baudrillard’s Simulations (1983). Baudrillard paraphrases the Jorge Luis Borges tale of cartographers who create a map of the empire to such detail that it perfectly covers the land it represents. Whilst the map is celebrated the land underneath it declines into wasteland. This is only brought to the attention of the people when the map itself erodes, revealing an uninhabitable â€Å"desert of the real† (Baudrillard, 1983). It is uncontroversial to argue that the most important and far-reaching social consequence of new media is the increased ability for the formation of communities which were previously unavailable. These community groups are salient and consistent throughout the development of new media technology and additionally it is now possible for many to be part of multiple societal groups simultaneously. Such communities are so influential because they underpin and promulgate the existence of other key elements of new media technology development, such as social change, cultural globalisation, digital identity, the mobilisation of smart technologies, etc. Theorists Wellman and Gulia argue that the current debate on virtual communities is problematic for several reasons. They state that the polarisation of opinion makes the debate Manichean, and also that a sense of the history of community is absent. In addition to this, they contend that the debate on virtual communities is largely unscholarly and is parochial in the sense that it forces a divide between ‘real life’ communities and those online. They go on to say that the notion of a traditional community is nostalgic and saturated with myth (Wellman Gulia, 1999). Whilst Wellman Gulia make some fair points, certainly the polarisation of the online debate (and also the separation of online life and real-life in theory) the two extremes of opinion have produced a substantial amount of research on the matter. When defining community it is useful to look at the work of German sociologist Ferdinand Tonnies, who developed the terms Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft. Gemeinschaft (translated roughly as ‘community’) is described by Tonnies as traditional community, characterised by bonding through kinship, friendship, shared religious beliefs and community loyalty. Tonnies termed modern, capitalist societies as Gesellschaft (community, or association), where social interactions and relationships are much less personal, more calculated and contractual, where the society experiences increased isolation of individuals living within it (Tonnies, 1988). There is also important work regarding broader communities, in particular Benedict Anderson’s theories concerning nations, or as he terms â€Å"imagined communities† (Anderson, 1983). Since the members of a nation cannot possibly interact with (or have knowledge of) everyone within that nation, certain symbolic resources and rituals (or as Anderson refers â€Å"invented traditions†) are utilised to coalesce people and create a sense of shared identity (flags, national anthems, etc.). Anderson maintains that these types of communities depend on their members believing in them, and are maintained through the shared practice of cultural customs and devices (Anderson, 1983). These Current definitions of digital community, whilst useful, suffer the same drawbacks as most in that they can be taken to extremes within their own boundaries, and do little to draw the line as to how far to go. A useful analogy is presented by David Bell (2001), who asks â€Å"I drive a car. To what extent could I argue that I belong to a ‘community of car drivers’?†. Bell goes on to explain that his car driving community satisfies all aspects of popular community definitions. Identity as a ‘car driver’ is institutionalised by a driving licence, which not only provides certain privileges but also acts as a proof of identity in a broader sense, and this is a commonality with other car drivers. Bell continues to describe a ‘set of knowledges’ which all car drivers possess (of driving, of the road, etc.), some of them formalised and some tacit. Whilst the Highway Code formalises one strand of such knowledge there also exists a tacit und erstanding in the form of driving etiquette and the like. The final point Bell makes is that of facilitation. The car also facilitates his membership of off-road communities (Bell, 2001). Whether or not Bell’s example does satisfy a definition of community is still debatable, but it does raise some important points when trying to define community, especially when comparing or contrasting to those which exist online. The same terms of Bell’s analogy could just as simply be applied to MySpace or EBay, both of which have had a far-reaching and consequential impact on capitalist societies; MySpace in many ways became the prototype of digital self-representation, with its ability for photographic and thematic customisation, coupled with a platform for creative endeavour or the broadcast of opinions. This paved the way for a broad range of online social media platforms which developed or augmented the original MySpace model. Conversely, EBay provided a platform for commerce which laid down an archetype for online trading. The eBay model for the first time allowed people to generate income through private auctioning on a global scale, in many cases providing en tire businesses to operate solely within the confines of the site. Regardless of their achieved scope and proliferation of use, but would the question remainsthat mean regarding whether or not that these ‘created communities’ satisfy a Gemeinschaft definition of community, and even if they did this would not necessarily make them communities in the nostalgic sense. , would that make them a community in the nostalgic sense? Bell explores this matter by offering a distinction between the terms (sometimes used synonymously by critical theorists) ‘community’ and ‘sub-culture’: Clearly there’s a slippage between the two words, both taken to mean the same thing – Baym’s own work has used both to describe the same group of online soap fans, for example. But I think that the two words have very different connotations, so I started to wonder where the boundary between terms like these lies. (Bell, 2001:101) In this statement Bell makes a valid point. In the labelling of factions and groups as ‘communities’ more often than not the term either becomes encapsulate, including a whole host of assemblies which are perhaps better described in another category, or becomes exclusive to the point of rejection of all those groups which fail to satisfy the nostalgic and seemingly outdated notion of traditional community. With these comments in mind it seemsIt is important to establish a boundary by which to sector those groups which, although they may satisfy certain aspects of community ‘new technology’ consequences, are not engaged in sufficient humanistic interaction to be defined as such. This does not present an immediate problem as there are many online groups which fit this description and do not label themselves as communities, but remain consequential of new media. However, the emphasis on human interaction seems to be the key to which distinctions can be drawn between online organisations and actual communities. One notorious commentator on the subject, Howard Rheingold, states just that: Virtual communities are social aggregations that emerge from the net when enough people carry on†¦public discussions long enough, with sufficient human feeling, to form webs of personal relationships in cyberspace. (Rheingold, 1993:12) Since traditional community is no longer possible in its pure form, due predominantly to capitalism and globalisation, people have searched out the areas of their community which they now lack. Humans , being social animals (and at best, survivalists) have utilised the internetnew media in tandem with the development of technology to maintain and keep control of the things which they inherently hold dear. In this case, the elements of community which contemporary society have consequentially eroded with new media are also supported by new media. These consequences are now are now to be found online in forums, groups and interactive spaces. New media technology The internet does not house communities, but symbiotically supports those areas of community which no longer exist outside of the webof such developments, and arguably, due to such developments. Online platforms such as MySpace or Facebook provide many services, but do not create a social network for its users. Rather, new medi a they allow users to supplement their existing social networks with online support. Furthermore online Interactions can take place which will allow families who are miles apart to keep in touch in ways that have previously been impossible, thus they are solving previous difficulties pertaining to traditional community, predominantly that of distance and (the resulting factor of) time, and strengthening these communities in ways that previously could not be achieved. It is now possible for community to become reinforced by new media technologies in ways that were previously impossible, thus strengthening the weak elements that existed in the Gemeinschaft-style structure. Utilising technology, traditional communities are able to function over distance in real-time, in cybernetic unison. References Anderson, B. (1983) Imagined Communities: reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism, London: Verso. Baudrillard, J. (1983) Simulations, USA: Semiotext[e] Baym, N. (1998) ‘The emergence of an on-line community’, Cited in S.Jones (ed.) Cybersociety 2.0: revisiting computer-mediated communication and community, London: Sage. Bell, D. (2001) An Introduction to Cybercultures, London: Routledge. Halford, S. Savage, M. (2010) ‘Reconceptualizing Digital Social Inequality’, Information, Communication and Society 13 (7): 937-55. [online] Available from: www.cresc.ac.uk/sites/default/files/Paper No 86_0.pdf (Accessed 18/11/20130). Rheingold, H. (1993). The Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier. New York: Addison-Wesley. Sardar, Z. (2000) ‘Alt.civilizations.faq: cyberspace as the darker side of the West’, Cited in Bell, D. and Kennedy, B. M. (eds.) The Cybercultures Reader, London: Routledge. Tonnies, F. (1988) Community and Society (Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft). (C. P. Loomis, Trans.). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction. (Original work published in 1887). John Urry (2000) Sociology Beyond Societies London: Routledge. John Urry (2004) ‘Mobile Sociology’, ch.13 in Frank Webster (ed.), The Information Society Reader London: Routledge. Wellman, B. Gulia, M. (1999) ‘Virtual communities as communities: net surfers don’t ride alone’, Cited in Smith, M. Lollock, P. (eds.) Communities in Cyberspace, London: Routledge. Bibliography Benton, T. Craib, I. (2001) Philosophy of Social Science: The Philosophical Foundations of Social Thought. Basingstoke: Palgrave. Benton, T. Craib, I. (2001) Philosophy of Social Science: The Philosophical Foundations of Social Thought, Basingstoke: Palgrave. Castells, M. (2001) The Internet Galaxy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Craib, I. (1997) Classical Social Theory: An Introduction to the Thought of Marx, Weber, Durkheim, Simmel. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Flew, F. (2002) New Media. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. Lievrouw, L.A. (2006) ‘New Media Design Development: Diffusion of Innovations Vs. Social Shaping of Technology’, in Lievrouw, L. Livingstone, S. Handbook of New Media: Social Shaping and Social Consequences, London: Sage Lister, M., Dovey, J., Giddings, S., Grant, I., Kieron, K. (2003) New Media: A Critical Introduction. London: Routledge. May, C. (2002) The Information Society: a sceptical view. Cambridge: Polity. Sayer, D. (1991) Capitalism Modernity: An Excursus on Marx Weber. London: Routledge. Webster, F. (2006) Theories of the Information Society, 3rd edition. Routledge. Woolgar, S. (ed.) (2002) Virtual Society?Oxford: Oxford University Press.References Anderson, B. (1983) Imagined Communities: reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism, London: Verso. Baudrillard, J. (1983) Simulations, USA: Semiotext[e] Baym, N. (1998) ‘The emergence of an on-line community’, Cited in S.Jones (ed.) Cybersociety 2.0: revisiting computer-mediated communication and community, London: Sage. Bell, D. (2001) An Introduction to Cybercultures, London: Routledge. Rheingold, H. (1993). The Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier. New York: Addison-Wesley. Sardar, Z. (2000) ‘Alt.civilizations.faq: cyberspace as the darker side of the West’, Cited in Bell, D. and Kennedy, B. M. (eds.) The Cybercultures Reader, London: Routledge. Tonnies, F. (1988) Community and Society (Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft). (C. P. Loomis, Trans.). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction. (Original work published in 1887). Wellman, B. Gulia, M. (1999) ‘Virtual communities as communities: net surfers don’t ride alone’, Cited in Smith, M. Lollock, P. (eds.) Communities in Cyberspace, London: Routledge. Bibliography Castells, M. (2001) The Internet Galaxy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Webster, F. (2006) Theories of the Information Society, 3rd edition. Routledge. Lievrouw, L.A. (2006) ‘New Media Design Development: Diffusion of Innovations Vs. Social Shaping of Technology’, in Lievrouw, L. Livingstone, S. Handbook of New Media: Social Shaping and Social Consequences, London: Sage May, C. (2002) The Information Society: a sceptical view. Cambridge: Polity. Flew, F. (2002) New Media. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. Benton, T. Craib, I. (2001) Philosophy of Social Science: The Philosophical Foundations of Social Thought. Basingstoke: Palgrave. Craib, I. (1997) Classical Social Theory: An Introduction to the Thought of Marx, Weber, Durkheim, Simmel. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Sayer, D. (1991) Capitalism Modernity: An Excursus on Marx Weber. London: Routledge. Benton, T. Craib, I. (2001) Philosophy of Social Science: The Philosophical Foundations of Social Thought, Basingstoke: Palgrave.